天美传媒

Abstract

Smoking during pregnancy remains a critical public health concern, with significant consequences for both maternal and fetal health. Despite the known risks, approximately 7.2% of pregnant women in the United States continue to smoke, contributing to a range of complications. Maternal risks include ectopic pregnancies, placental issues, and preterm labor, while fetal risks include low birth weight, congenital abnormalities, and fetal growth restriction. Babies born to mothers who smoke also face increased risks for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and respiratory problems. The harmful effects of smoking during pregnancy are primarily caused by toxic chemicals, particularly nicotine and carbon monoxide, which restrict blood flow to the placenta, depriving the fetus of essential nutrients and oxygen. Quitting smoking is crucial to reducing these risks, with evidence showing that both reducing cigarette consumption and quitting entirely can improve pregnancy outcomes. Effective smoking cessation strategies during pregnancy include behavioral support, counseling, and, when appropriate, nicotine replacement therapy.