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Abstract

The current study investigated the anticancer properties of gold nanoparticles (SG-stabilized AuNPs) synthesized using water extracts of the brown seaweed Sargassum glaucescens (SG). SG-stabilized AuNPs were characterized by ultravioletvisible spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The SG-stabilized AuNPs were stable and small at 3.65�±1.69 nm in size. The in vitro anticancer effect of SG-stabilized AuNPs was determined on cervical (HeLa), liver (HepG2), breast (MDA-MB-231) and leukemia (CEM-ss) cell lines using fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry, and caspase activity determination, and MTT assay. After 72 hours treatment, SG-stabilized AuNPs was shown to be significantly (P<0.05) cytotoxic to the cancer cells in dose- and time-dependent manner. The IC50 of SG-stabilized AuNPs on HeLa, HepG2, CEM-ss, MDA-MB-231 cell lines were 4.75�±1.23, 7.14�±1.45, 10.32�±1.5, and 11.82�±0.9 �¼g/mL, respectively. On the other hand, SG-stabilized AuNPs showed no cytotoxic effect towards the normal human mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A). SG-stabilized AuNPs significantly (P<0.05) arrest HeLa cell cycle at G2/M phase and significantly (P<0.05) activated caspases-3 and -9 activities. The anticancer effect of SG-stabilized AuNPs is via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The study showed that SG-stabilized AuNPs is a good candidate to be developed into a chemotherapeutic compound for the treatment of cancers especially cervical cancer.

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