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Isolation of cellulolytic bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract of Achatinafulica (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) and their evaluation forcellulose biodegradation
Gastrointestinal tract of giant African snail, Achatinafulica was investigated as a source for isolation ofcellulose degrading
bacteria. The cellulose degrading bacteria from different gastrointestinal tract regions such as esophagus, crop, stomach,
intestine and rectum were enriched in carboxymethylcelluloseand identified. Thirty two cellulose degrading bacteria belonging
to two major phyla namely Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were enriched, isolated and identified by 16S rDNA amplification
andsequencing. Based on plate based assay, 18 of these isolates displayed cellulase activity and were identified as the members of
Bacillus, Achromobacter, Ochrobactrum and Klebsiella. Among the 18 isolates, 5isolates with high activity were further studied
for various enzyme activities such as endoglucanase, exoglucanase and xylanase on different lignocellulosic substrates. Isolate
identified as Ochrobactrum sp. K38 exhibited the highest CMCase activity (501.75 IU/ml extract) after 14 days of incubation.
The highestavicelase activity (3116.92 IU/ml extract) was shown by Bacillus subtilis Cf60 on filter paper as substrateafter 10
days of incubation whereas all other isolates showed a low xylanase activity on all tested substrates exceptfilter paper. The
present study demonstrates the utility of snail gut as a rich source for isolation of cellulose degrading bacteria that can have
many industrial applications.